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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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1994-03-29
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<text id=90TT3372>
<title>
Dec. 17, 1990: Lost In The Fog
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Dec. 17, 1990 The Sleep Gap
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATION, Page 52
Lost in the Fog
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Two airliners collide on a Detroit runway, killing eight and
raising alarms about on-the-ground safety at U.S. airports
</p>
<p>By ED MAGNUSON--Reported by S.C. Gwynne/Detroit and Jerry
Hannifin/Washington
</p>
<p> Despite justifiable worries about close calls in the sky,
the collision of two Northwest airliners at Detroit's Metro
Airport last week suggests that airplane passengers face grave
danger even on the ground. The accident, in which eight people
were killed and 24 injured, raised a life-and-death question:
If runways are so foggy that a pilot can miss two turns and
wind up in the path of a plane rolling toward takeoff, why is
the airport still open?
</p>
<p> Landings had been banned at Metro because of the fog, but
takeoffs were allowed to continue because visibility on the
runways was declared to be above the required quarter-mile
minimum. Captain William Lovelace, making only his 13th flight
after a five-year absence (he had left to get treatment for a
kidney-stone ailment and later opened a gift shop), apparently
became disoriented in the murk shortly after pulling his DC-9
away from the gate. According to investigators, he made a left
turn onto a wrong taxiway, then failed to turn right onto a
second taxiway that would have led him back to his assigned
takeoff point. His delayed right turn placed him on the active
takeoff runway (3 Center).
</p>
<p> A ground controller in the tower, unable to see Lovelace's
Flight 1482 in the fog, asked First Officer James Schifferns,
who was at the DC-9's radio, "Northwest, are you clear of
Runway 3 Center?"
</p>
<p> Schifferns: "It looks like we're on 21 Center [the
designation for the opposite direction on 3 Center]."
</p>
<p> Tower: "Northwest one-four-eight-two, if you're on 21
Center, exit that runway immediately, sir." Then came a shouted
command from the tower: "Get off there!" Lovelace, busy at the
controls, said later he did not hear his copilot tell the tower
they were on the runway, or he would have "gone for the weeds,"
meaning roll off the runway and onto the grass.
</p>
<p> In the tower a supervisor barked, "Stop all aircraft! Stop
all aircraft!"
</p>
<p> Too late. Northwest Flight 299, a 727 carrying 153 people,
had just been cleared for takeoff, and was already roaring
toward the DC-9. Unable to get above the lost aircraft, pilot
Robert Ouellette felt his right wing rip into the DC-9's cabin
and tear off one of its tail engines. Despite his shattered
wing, Ouellette skillfully retained control and braked to a
stop. Said an aide at the National Transportation Safety Board:
"He damn well could have cartwheeled down the runway into
another fireball. He saved his people."
</p>
<p> The 44 occupants of the DC-9 were not so fortunate. Smoke
and toxic fumes engulfed the cabin as flames flickered from the
tail section. "The explosion came from the back of the plane,"
recalled passenger Fred Guyor. "Suddenly all this shrapnel came
flying overhead, like a wave in the ocean." The survivors
poured out of two exits, some breaking bones as they jumped
when an evacuation chute failed to open.
</p>
<p> Why had takeoffs been permitted? One pilot traveling as a
passenger on the 727 insisted that visibility had been less
than a quarter-mile. Francis McKelvey, an airport designer and
engineering professor at Michigan State, said it is time for
aviation officials to ask "whether you should be operating an
airport if you can't see all the surfaces on which aircraft are
moving."
</p>
<p> Compared with collision-avoidance safeguards in the air,
those on the ground are primitive. Only 12 U.S. airports have
ground radar (Detroit does not), but it is unreliable,
1960s-vintage equipment. A more modern radar is being tested
in Pittsburgh, but technical bugs have delayed its deployment
at other airports. A network of stop-and-go signal lights at
taxiway and runway intersections has been tried at New York
City's Kennedy Airport, but it was discontinued when its
slowness contributed to delays. London's often foggy Heathrow,
by contrast, has both the new radar and the signals.
</p>
<p> Pilots have long complained about confusing ground markings
at Detroit Metro. Contends Jerome Lederer, a veteran
aviation-safety expert: "It may be time to consider a new
category in fatal crashes, called `government-induced
accidents,' where failures by federal or local authorities
contribute to the probable cause. Think of the reaction in
Congress if a Senator or Representative had been killed."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>